The 5G non-standalone standard was finalized in late 2017 and utilizes existing LTE RAN and core networks as an anchor, with the addition of a 5G component carrier. But, with 5G, this dynamic is changing, as various use cases having completely different data requirements have come into play and the network operator needs to satisfy these requirements in an efficient manner. The main 5G NFs are the following: As we can see from the description of the individual NFs, some of them are modified, split, or merged versions of the good old EPC functions (like MME, SGW, PGW, HSS & PCRF) namely, AMF, SMF, PCF, UDM, AF, UPF or AUSF, but unlike EPC functions, AMF, SMF, and UPF should be access independent. The SMF either allocates UE IP address or acts as sort-of proxy for the IP address allocation when the address is allocated by external data network (according to the below quotes, the SMF is always in the process). Marcin has co-authored several research papers targeting LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G radio interface design, and is co-author of a book From LTE to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G. The expected changes to industries ranging from personal transportation to manufacturing and farming will be so significant that many have dubbed 5G the next Industrial Revolution. With a larger antenna density in the same physical space, narrower beams can be achieved with massive MIMO, thereby providing a means to achieve high throughput with more effective user tracking. offers different migration paths to bring all NFs into a full cloud native, dual-mode 5G Core over time. 5G Energy efficiency how to achieve it? 3 Non-roaming architecture for interworking between 5GS and EPC/E-UTRAN1. In the standalone (SA) deployment of 5G, good inter-working with the LTE system to facilitate inter-RAT mobility between the two RATs will be required. 200 Vesey Street an IMS, Internet, etc. 1). The 5G core network architecture is at the heart of the new 5G specification and enables the increased throughput demand that 5G must support. In the UE, these two IP addresses/prefixes are used only by the MPTCP functionality. Just wondering how SMF can allocate the UE IP address for MEC cases(Ex: LIPA). In the new architecture, if a user A has to make a call or if he has to connect to the Internet, in which sequence are these vNFs traversed in order to accomplish this task? The interaction between network functions in the 5GC is envisaged in the following two ways, per the 3GPP:1. So rather it should be (SMF has part of the MME, PGW-CP & SGW-CP functionality from EPC world). As well see, some of them look very similar to the corresponding functions in the previous generations core networks (CN). info@grandmetric.com. Another major difference in 5GCs CP is the structure, because it has different functional separation of Access and Mobility Functions (AMF) and Session Management Functions (SMF). This creates a so-called Service Based Architecture (SBA), in which, one CP network function (e.g. Marcin has held Senior IEEE Membership since 2018 and has served as a R&D Engineer, Lead Researcher, R&D Consultant, Technical Trainer and Technical Leader. The SMF exposes service operations to allow MEC as a 5G AF to manage the PDU sessions, control the policy settings and traffic rules as well as to subscribe to notifications on session management events.. Many times, regulatory bodies ask carriers for barring of voice and data services selectively in a given geographic area due to law and order concerns. Please sign up for email updates on your favorite topics. The primary goal of previous generations of mobile networks has been to simply offer fast, reliable mobile data services to network users. UE via SM NAS signalling., Your email address will not be published. eCPRINetwork dis-aggregation with the functional split also brings other cost benefits particularly with the introduction of new interfaces such as eCPRI. This allows for independent scaling of CP and UP functions for the operators and for handling network slices efficiently to tailor them to support different services. 5G leads the way towards disaggregated, flexible and virtual RAN with new interfaces creating additional data access points. Only emergency services are allowed in such cases. Access independent means two things in this context: EIN: 98-1615498 5GC includes the separation of UP and CP functions of the gateway, which was an evolution of the gateway CP/UP separation (CUPS) introduced in EPC Release 14. Despite the reliance on existing architecture, non-standalone mode will increase bandwidth by tapping into millimeter wave frequencies. With Not allowed area this can be resolved, [] many more of CP functions in the full 5GC architecture see our posts discussing them here: 5G Core Network Functions and 5G Core Network [], [] many more of CP functions in the full 5GC architecture see our posts discussing this here: 5G Core Network Functions and 5G Core Network []. CPRI in contrast to eCPRI was developed for 4G, however in many cases was vendor specific making it problematic for operators. The 5G core further emphasizes NFV as an integral design concept with virtualized software functions capable of being deployed using the MEC infrastructure that is central to 5G architectural principles. M. Rahnema, M. Dryjanski, From LTE to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G, Artech House, 2017. Taking a dual-mode approach to core evolution, Considering service providers concerns for protecting investments already made in the network, we have designed a solution, as described in Figure 1, that allows full integration of new. Thank You for your sharing. The introduction of eCPRI interfaces presents a more cost-effective solution as fewer interfaces can be used to test multiple 5G carriers. Which allocates the local IP address. Each link-specific multipath address/prefix assigned to UE may not be routable via N6. Note: If you want to revisit the good-old reference point architecture representation for 5G, read our other blog on the general 5GC aspects:[5G CN Overview]. 5GS is a very big area. UDM has only part of the original HSS functionality and the interface is also different: to backup this you can check this presentation by ITU showing mapping of the 4G CN nodes to 5G CN: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/201707/Documents/Joe-Wilke-%205G%20Network%20Architecture%20and%20FMC.pdf. Just observed few typo 1) Please change interface N5 to N6 between UPF & DN . Data Network (DN) is a 5G term for, what was called PDN in 4G, i.e. This interface is meant to support functionalities of the S10 interface (used between different LTE MMEs) required for interworking with 5GS. In the previous section covering 5G CN functions, we used the service-based representation to explain the roles played by the different network functions based on their service. The link-specific multipath IP addresses/prefixes shall be allocated by the UPF and shall be provided to the z o.o. This makes deployment more flexible, allows for interworking with legacy networks and a smooth evolution to 5GC. ul. Another idea in the design of 5G is to minimize dependencies between the Access Network (AN) and the Core Network (CN) using a converged access-agnostic core network with a common AN CN interface, which integrates different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. : Grandmetric LLC Wireless Network Security How to Design Enterprise Wi-Fi? * in the forbidden area, the user cannot register to the network, but can use the emergency services, Security for wireless network - how do hackers get in? He earned aPh.D., with honors,from Poznan University of Technology in 2019. Updated. For example, in NSA mode, when the UE will be anchored to LTE, the NW might use either EPC or 5GS (depending on the NSA mode) in which case UE context will be maintained in only one of the core networks for operation in both 4G and 5G. Grandmetric LLC regarding MEC, you can check out this article: http://www.eurecom.fr/fr/publication/5218/download/comsys-publi-5218.pdf (a scientific one about MEC in LTE for low latency), and a short one from ETSI: https://www.etsi.org/images/files/ETSIWhitePapers/etsi_wp28_mec_in_5G_FINAL.pdf. Characteristics of the MEC include the low latency, high bandwidth and real time access to RAN information that distinguish 5G architecture from its predecessors. This enables flexibility and creates new opportunities for competition, provides open interfaces and open source development, ultimately to ease the deployment of new features and technology with scale. There is any diference bwtween HSS and UDM with respect to interface and protocol, Could we use the same HSS for 5G? MECMulti-Access Edge Computing (MEC) is an important element of 5G architecture. At the Ericsson Blog, we provide insight to make complex ideas on technology, innovation and business simple. Fig. introduced in 5G. For 4G, the sequence in which the traffic traverses the vNFs is as follows: Call : userA EPC IMS SBC 5G test solutions designed to accommodate this architectural seed change will be the true enablers of the forthcoming 5G transition. Download the complete series here. It is located outside the core network belonging to the services part of the system. thanks for your question. This becomes integral to 5G architecture by creating end-to-end virtual networks that include both networking and storage functions. If you take a look on the other two possibilities i.e. The only point where NRF is connected via reference point (like N2), is where we have a roaming scenario and NRF in home network connects to NRF in visited network and both NRFs are connected with N27. As per TR23.799, the 5G System shall support the NR, the Evolved LTE, and non-3GPP access types. Costs, resource management and flexibility of network configurations can all be optimized with this level of customization now possible. 5G networks based on the 3GPP 5G specifications are an ideal environment for MEC deployment. I already read the 5G White Paper but I still couldnt understand the system better. The MPTCP functionality in the UE and the MPTCP Proxy functionality in the UPF shall use the link-specific multipath addresses/prefixes for subflows over non-3GPP access and over 3GPP access and MPTCP Proxy functionality shall use the IP address/prefix of the MA PDU session for the communication with the final destination. As a follow-up from our previous post on 5G Core Network (5GC) and system architecture, today Id like to touch upon the 5G network functions (NFs) that are related to the core network. Why keep the UE is kept registered while it cannot get any user (PDU) services? The infrastructure inherent to standalone 5G deployment will necessitate a worldwide step function in 5G integration for various geographical regions. Emblematic of this shift will be the gradual transition from non stand-alone mode to standalone mode 5G architecture options. However, the support of N26 is not mandatory. Your quick guide to Network Functions in 5GC. 5G utilizes a more intelligent architecture, with Radio Access Networks (RANs) no longer constrained by base station proximity or complex infrastructure. Actually, what is the main function of the core network and how exactly it functions? As ip pools are maintained/configured in SMF, SMF will be advertising these IPs? So, if you define a UE as stationary, it will only be able to reach its services within a restricted area and not outside. 5G has broadened this scope to offer a broad range of wireless services delivered to the end user across multiple access platforms and multi-layer networks. If you are asking about the flow for the so-called, PDU session establishment procedure (which is obtaining the actual service), the flow is as follows: UE AMF SMF UPF UDM DN (Data network which can be the Internet or something different), For the details, please take a look onto TS 23.502. Who will be publishing UE ips to external DN, is it done by SMF or UPF ? Conn. to Internet: userA EPC IPX. I came across this informative post while searching for vNFs in the new 5G architecture. NFV enables the 5G infrastructure by virtualizing appliances within the 5G network. Services are provided via a common framework to network functions that are permitted to make use of these services. Network slicing becomes extremely useful for applications like the IoT where the number of users may be extremely high, but the overall bandwidth demand is low. Metalowa 5, 60-118 Pozna, Poland This eliminates the need to invest in many expensive hardware elements and can also accelerate installation times, thereby providing revenue generating services to the customer faster. A total of 55 live networks are expected to be in service by the end of 2019. As MEC services may be offered in both centralized and edge clouds, the SMF plays a critical role due to its role in selecting and controlling the UPF and configuring its rules for traffic steering. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Brookfield Place Office This kind of representation is used when some interaction exists between any two network functions (Fig. () With such requirements in mind, the 3GPP has kept the basic idea of having a flat architecture, where the Control Plane (CP) functions are separated from the User Plane (UP), in order to make them scaling independent allowing operators to use this functional split for dimensioning, deploying, and adapting the network to their needs. , And according to ETSI White Paper No. Is there any function in 5GC to allocate IP address range OR multiple IPs to a single UE. 5G Spectrum and FrequencyMultiple frequency ranges are now being dedicated to 5G new radio (NR). new business opportunities without bringing extensive or costly reconfigurations. Frequencies between 24 GHz and 100 GHz are now being allocated to 5G in multiple regions worldwide. The portion of the radio spectrum with frequencies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz is known as the millimeter wave, since wavelengths range from 1-10 mm. I google but I couldnt find the answer. Here, we use 3GPP Non-roaming architecture to describe the interworking between 5GS and EPC/E-UTRAN (Fig. . To describe the CN functions themselves, lets first look at the system architecture from 3GPP SA2 in the following figure. NIP 7792433527 But, unlike EPC functions, AMF, SMF, and UPF should be access independent. On the other hand, the smaller antenna size also enables much larger arrays to occupy the same physical space. Email: info@grandmetric.com, Grandmetric Sp. Get the latest RF/microwave industry news, insights, and analysis delivered to your inbox. [1] 3GPP TS 23.501 V15.0.0 (2017-12) System Architecture for the 5G System (Stage 2). Each 5G vertical will have its own requirements, so network slicing becomes an important design consideration for 5G network architecture. Do you have any article for MEC? according to TS 23.501, the Non-Allowed area is an Area where the UE is allowed to initiate registration procedure, but no session management. The benefits of virtualizing components of the RAN provide a means to be more cost effective from a hardware and software viewpoint especially for IoT applications where the number of devices is in the millions. During the past 12 years, Marcin has served as R&D Engineer, Lead Researcher, R&D Consultant, Technical Trainer, Technical Leader and Board Member. Very nice blog and amazing discussion and answers to all queries of audiences in comments. One of the good use case of Not Allowed Area is in India. Is it similar to a server? Thank you Marcin for your valuable feedback and explanation. Like what youre reading? Services are allowed after a certain time window, which is intimated by the regulators on-demand. As 5G deployment continues and critical performance nodes become increasingly virtualized, operators will need to continually monitor and assess security performance. Great job Marcin for being so considerate & helpful . This convergence of the RAN and core networks will require operators to leverage new approaches to network testing and validation. 2). For more info onour dual-mode 5G Core, download thesolution description. In this section, Id like to touch upon the 5G network functions (NFs) related to 5GC. The LTE EPS and 5GS can be connected to each other with the user able to be independently registered on either system, and achieve mobility between the two systems using the different modules involved, allowing efficient inter-working. Are you familiar with the new Network Functions in 5GC and how they compare to the Network Functions in Evolved Packet Core (EPC)? what is the use case behind this as we do not have this concept in 4G NAS. Communications and Power Industries (CPI), BMD. The diversity of frequencies employed can be tailored to the unique applications considering the higher frequencies are characterized by higher bandwidth, albeit shorter range. To facilitate the enablement of different data services and requirements, the elements of the 5GC (also called NFs) have been further simplified, with most of them being software-based so they could be adapted according to need. BeamformingAnother breakthrough technology integral to the success of 5G is beamforming. If devices which do not require interworking with both EPC and 5GS access the LTE/5G system, they would be served by the individual network elements of that respective RAT. Our dual-mode 5G Core solution delivers cloud native applications that support both EPC and 5GC 3GPP architectures. 5G is effectively a dynamic, coherent and flexible framework of multiple advanced technologies supporting a variety of applications. It is being designed as more open and modular than its predecessor, allowing the different entities inside the core network to interact with each other without any preconditions and allowing designers to define procedures for this interaction. New antenna, infrastructure hardware and software technologies create a bonanza for electronics and software design and manufacturing industries around the world, so speedy deployment has been emphasized. The major difference with 5G Core (5GC) compared to EPC is that 5GCs control plane (CP) functions interact ina Service-Based Architecture (SBA). SMF) allows any other authorized NFs to access its services. there is no defined reference point (like N2) for NRF to any of the other NFs within the home domain (see 3GPP TS23.501 for reference). In addition to that, Marcin was a work-package leader in EU-funded research projects aiming at radio interface design for 5G including FP-7 5GNOW and FP-7 SOLDER. This representation also includes point-to-point reference points between the NFs where necessary (see lower part of Fig. The 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is significantly different from the 5G core, with the 5G core leveraging virtualization and cloud native software design at unprecedented levels. The consideration below is based on the service-based representation from the previous section. If the UE indicates it is capable of supporting the MPTCP functionality, as described in clause 5.32.2, and the network agrees to enable the MPTCP functionality for the MA PDU Session then: Some of them look very similar to the corresponding functions in the previous generations core networks (CN). Your email address will not be published. Thanks for all the insights that you share here. How to understand the 5G System? This is to realise mobility-on-demand i.e., to support mobility only to the UEs that need it. As far as Im aware, the multiple IP addresses can be used for a UE supporting the MPTCP Functionality, see in [TS23.501, section 5.32.6.2.1], and per the mentioned section, the following paragraph is included: The O-RAN ALLIANCE objective is to allow multi-vendor deployment with off-the shelf hardware for the purposes of easier and faster inter-operability. While if you mean 5G by using NSA with 5G NR being suplement to LTE, the core network comes from EPC thus the corresponding node is HSS. One of the largest telecom providers in India has already upgraded their entire network for 5G compatibility, and China Mobile is expected to create 10,000 5G base stations by 2020. This makes deployment more flexible, allows for interworking with legacy networks and a smooth evolution to 5GC. In addition to the millimeter wave, underutilized UHF frequencies between 300 MHz and 3 GHz are also being repurposed for 5G. In MEC cases, there is a provision to have the PGW locally at RAN(LGW). and the NFs (UDM, PCF, SMF, UPF etc.) We can see that part of this architecture, looks like good old LTE/3G with similar nodes and interfaces (lower part of the picture). 2) is a new way of defining system architecture. To address this challenge, the European Commission has created a 5G for Europe action plan to jump start progress and create a roadmap for deployment in all EU states by the end of 2020. So in general Id say that 4G could handle a lot of things that 5G is suppose to do (also slicing was sort of touched by DECOR), but as an add-ons to the baseline, while 5G should be more generic and flexible and future proof so that the new cases could be added / handled easier than modyfing a lot of 3GPP TSs contents. Operators can effectively manage diverse 5G use cases with differing throughput, latency and availability demands by partitioning network resources to multiple users or tenants. Backwards & forwards compatibility? What are the practical aspects of LTE, LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G? ii) The network allocates to UE one IP address/prefix for the MA PDU Session and two additional IP addresses/prefixes, called link-specific multipath addresses/prefixes; one associated with 3GPP access and another associated with the non-3GPP access. How does it work and help for low latency? SBA principles apply to interfaces between CP functions within 5GC only, so interfaces toward Radio Access Network (RAN), user equipment or user plane (UP) functions (N1, N2, N3, N4, N6 and N9) are excluded. may end up with different core network solutions. 5G Standards & Spectrum Focus Day Overview, 5G research activities in Europe (part 2 H2020 projects). 2) In 5G NFs definitions its written for SMF (AMF has part of the MME and PGW functionality from EPC world) . Adherence to best practices means end-to-end network security monitoring throughout the system architecture, devices and apps. For interworking purposes, we require modules that can support both the legacy LTE core network (EPC) elements (HSS, PCRF, PGW etc.) Finally, strivingtowards makingoperations as efficient as possibleis key, while not forgettingthe importance offlexibility toopenupnew business opportunities without bringing extensive or costly reconfigurations. However, we will also see some new functions not present before, which are needed to enable the new network paradigms, like slicing and service-based networking. The MA PDU IP address/prefix shall be provided to the UE via mechanisms defined in clause 5.8.2.2. https://academy.5g-courses.com/courses/towards-5g-online-course, 5G Core Network - a Short Overview - Grandmetric, 5G Interworking Architecture - Grandmetric, https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/201707/Documents/Joe-Wilke-%205G%20Network%20Architecture%20and%20FMC.pdf, 5 Most Popular Posts From 2018 - Grandmetric, http://www.eurecom.fr/fr/publication/5218/download/comsys-publi-5218.pdf, https://www.etsi.org/images/files/ETSIWhitePapers/etsi_wp28_mec_in_5G_FINAL.pdf, Firewall Network Security attack vectors. As per the above example, a stationary UE, if it is brought out sides its allowed area ( i.e. Required fields are marked *. The need for these new techniques has emerged due to the various profiles of data services that must be supported by the 5G network. MEC is an evolution in cloud computing that brings the applications from centralized data centers to the network edge, and therefore closer to the end users and their devices. They should alsohave a common set of resourcesthat can be usedfor servingthecomplete subscriber base. For that matter, can AMFs of same MNO communicate between each other , exchanging information of UEs etc? 1. In the case that the UE IP address is obtained from the external data network, additionally, the SMF shall also send the allocation, renewal and release related request messages to the external data network and maintain the corresponding state information., According to 3GPP TS 29.561: The 3GPP network may obtain IP address via external DHCP server during the PDU establishment procedure, the SMF acts a DHCP server towards the UE and it acts as a DHCP client towards the external DHCP server.

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5g nodes and their functions